Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT):
An attempt to explain gas behavior.

 Kelvin (K):
Temperature scale used in gas calculations.  Has an absolute zero.   °C + 273 = K

 Pressure:
Force of gas molecules colliding with surfaces

Atmospheric pressure:
Pressure due to the layers of air in the atmosphere

Standard Temperature and pressure:
1 atm (or anything it’s equal to) and 0°C (273 K)

Ideal Gas:
All assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory are true.

 Molar Mass (Molecular Mass):
Grams per mole for a molecule.

Density:
Mass per volume of a sample

Average Translational Kinetic Energy (KE_ave):
Average kinetic energy (energy due to motion) of each particle.

Root-Mean-Square Speed (V_rms):
One measure of average particle speed in a gas

Maxwell’s Probability Distribution:
Probability function that indicates the probability that a particle in a gas will be moving at a certain speed.

Real Gas:
Real gases have significant particle volume and significant attractions/repulsions

Diffusion:
The rate at which a gas travels through a container

Effusion:
The rate at which a gas escapes through a tiny hole

This tutorial describes gas in a variety of ways.  Initially the role of temperature is described.  As a gas is heated, it moves more and possesses more kinetic energy.  It may expand depending upon the container.  There are a variety of mathematical ways to describe the motion and behavior of gases.  Avogadro’s, Boyles’, and Charles’ law may be transformed into the combined gas law.  The ideal gas law further unifies these ideas into one useful formula package. Although not all gasses behave as if they were ideal, there are corrections that can be applied to create the real gas law.  Finally, the concepts of diffusion and effusion are described.  Respectively, these are the spreading of gas through space,  or a tiny hole.

Specific Tutorial Features:

• Graphic organizers to illustrate concept relationships.
  
• Example problems with notions and hints for difficult sections.
  
• Pneumonic memory device for the ideal gas law.

Series Features:

• Concept map showing inter-connections of new concepts in this tutorial and those previously introduced.
  
• Definition slides introduce terms as they are needed.
  
• Visual representation of concepts
  
• Animated examples—worked out step by step
  
• A concise summary is given at the conclusion of the tutorial.

Temperature and kinetic energy of gasses
Temperature Scales

• Fahrenheit
  
• Celsius
  
• Kelvin and absolute zero

Kinetic Molecular Theory

• Assumptions
  
• Number of molecules
  
• Pressure
  
• Temperature
  

Atmospheric pressure
Pressure in a container
Gas Laws and combined gas law
Ideal gas law
Molar mass and density
Real gas law
Molecular motion
Diffusion and effusion